Emprunt et Néologisme dans les émissions littéraires diffusées par radio chaine II et radio Tizi Ouzou

Abstract

Deg waṭas n leqrun i yezrin, tutlayt n tmaziɣt tettwadḥes sɣur tutlayin timeqqranin n tɣarma. Aɛeddi ɣer tira yebda-d seg lqern wis 19, bdan-t yirumyen i d-ikecmen tamurt. Nudan ad issinen amek tetteddu tmetti tamaziɣt, ayen i ten-yewwin ad arun ayen yellan deg timawit, am tmucuha, isefra d yiḍrisen niḍen. Sin akin, d isdawanen, am Basset, Picard,…i ixedmen inadiyen isnilsiyen ɣef tmaziɣt. Abrid-a ḍefren-t yimawlan n tutlayt, d nutni i yebdan tirmiwin n useqεed n tutlayt, am Bulifa i d-yuran idlisen s wazal-nsen, abeεda “Tarrayt n tutlayt taqbaylit”(1913). Ma d imura d yineggalen imaynuten, am Ferεun d Mεemmri, ggan- as akka ger tallit n tezrawin timenza akk d tallit-agi tamirant n tesnilest tusnist. Di tmunent n tmurt, wid iṭṭfen adabu ur as-ggin ara amkan i tutlayt n tmaziɣt, imi sexdamen kan yiwet n tutlayt. Ayagi yeǧǧa axeddim yerzan aseqεed n tutlayt ad d-yili berra n tsudda n udabu. Imi tutlayt, ladɣa tantala taqbaylit, refden-tt yimawlan-is neɣ wid i tt-ittmeslayen, rnu ɣer-s tuɣal d tutlayt taɣelnawt tis snat deg tmendawt, seg useggas n 2002, tamaziɣt tebda tetteffeɣ-d seg uẓayer n tutlayt timsedrest, tudef deg taɣulin timaynutin n tmeddurt tartart yecban taɣult n teywalt d yisallen. D aymi ilaq ɣef tutlayt ad tesseddu amawal-ines akked wayen d-tessutur teywalt d amaynut. Ineggura-agi ( radyu d tiliẓri) sɛan yiwen n yiswi s wazal-is yerna yeǧhed ɣef win n uselmed, imi zemren ad awḍen deg yiwen n lweqt akked akk iḥricen n tmetti d tsutyin deg akk talunin di lweqt meẓẓiyen. Alallen-agi n teywalt tatrart n tutlayt n tmaziɣt ur sɛan ara aṭas n usnerni s tnureft iwakken ad leɛben s tmaziɣt. Ɣas tutlayt n tmaziɣt tnerna deg les médias, maca yella dayeman lexṣaṣ n umawal i ten-yeǧǧan ad snulfun awalen imaynuten iwakken ad sfehmen wa ad d-fken tibadutin n tillawin timaynutin. Abeddel-agi asniles ixdem akken tutlayt ad tenbez awalen imaynuten iwakken ad d-snulfun awalen imaynuten neɣ areṭṭal si tutlayin tibarraniyin agemmuḍ n unermas-agi ger tutlayin ( areṭṭel n tɣawsa akked wawalen i ten-id-isebganen deg yiwen n lwaqt).

Asentel-nteɣ yewwi ɣef ireṭṭalen d wawalen imaynuten n tedwilin tiseklanin deg umaṭṭaf II d win n Tizi wezzu . Iwakken ad neqdec axeddim-nteɣ i d-yellan ɣef tesleḍṭ tasnilsit deg tedwilin « isekkilen, ḥaq ayen yuran, tizi n wuccen, tisuraf ». Ad neɛreḍ ad nexdem tazrewt n tseddast d umawal n wawalen imaynuten. Iwakken ad d-nerr tirririt ɣef tenfaliyin timaynutin i neḥwaǧ di taɣult n tsekla. Iwakken ad nebdu, nejmeɛ-d amud id d-yellan ɣef ukalas n rebɛa n tedwilin s teqbaylit. Nejmeɛ-d ammud n wawalen imaynuten, nsemḥes azal n tlata n swayaɛ n ukalas, i ineɣmasen i nextar deg wayen yaɛnan leɛmer, d acu i ɣran, ɣef tutlayt n uselmed,tuẓeft. Nexter ad nexdem ɣef usentel-agi Deg tazwara, asentel-agi ur yettwasemres ara yakan umbaɛd nebɣa ad nẓar taɣara, axtiri akked tamsukt n tseddast d wayen yaɛnan amawal yettwaxedmen deg uḥric n tsekla. Tamentilt tagejdant i aɣ-iǧǧan ad nexdem anadi-agi, d amawal n yisallen i ilaqen ad ittwaxdem, imi llan aṭas n wuguren deg tenfalit tartart deg taɣult-a, ttmagaren-ten yineɣmasen yal ass deg uxeddim-nsen Daɣen, imi amaṭṭaf d allal iǧehden i usmaɣ n tutlayt d usemres-ines, ilaq ad nerr tidmi-nneɣ ɣer wuguren-agi isnilsiyen akken ad nerr zzerb i usmaɣ n yiwet n tutlayt ur nettwafham ara, i umi ara tettwakkes twuri-ines taywalant. Aḥric n tsekla d aḥric wessiɛen aṭas, ur yesɛin ara ar tura tussnawalt (terminologie) n tmaziɣt i ṣṣeḥan, imi amaṭṭaf d allal axater n usemaɣ n tutlayt, ad nẓer ma llan tezmmar si tama n yinaɣmasen i yessawḍen ɣer usnerni d useqɛed n tutlayt. Ad neɛreḍ ad nerr tirririt ɣef isastanen-agi :  D acu-ten iberdan i ḍefren yineɣmasen iwakken ad fren lexṣaṣ n umawal n umazzag, ɣef tikkelt iwakken ad yeɛreḍ ad yesiweḍ isalen akken iwata ?  D acu-t wallal n usnulfu n umawal i semrasen ineɣmasen s tuget deg usemmaɣ n tedwilin-nsen ?  D acu-ten wuguren id d-ttemlilin ineɣmasen mi ara ad sɛeddin tidwilin-nsen ? Anadi-nteɣ yebna ɣef sin yiḥricen : tiẓri d tesleḍt. - Aḥric aẓriyan d ixef amenzu i nebda s tegnit tasnilesmettit n Lezzayer ideg nwala amkan d uẓayer n tutlayt tamaziɣt gar tutlayin niḍen i yettemɛebbaren deg unnar asniles. Newwid diɣen awal ɣef tutlayt akk d teywalt anda d-nuɣal ɣef umezruy d umkan n tutlayt tamaziɣt deg wallalen-agi n teywalt di Lezzayer, nerna nessefhem-d neɣ nesbadu-d kra n tmiḍranin icudden ɣer usentel-nteɣ. - Aḥric n tesleḍt yebna ɣef teslaḍt n umawal iwakken ad nẓar asnunnet n usnulfu n umawal : asuddem, asuddes, asnulfawal, areṭṭal. Ma d ixef wis sin, yewwi-d ɣef wayen i d-itekken seg umlili n tutlayin neɣ seg tugtutlayt, ayen i wumi qqaren arwas asniles. Iwakken ad nexdem tasestant-nteɣ akken iwatta, nefren-d akalas n tedwilin n tsekla i yemxalafen deg umaṭṭaf wis sin d umaṭṭaf n Tizi Wezzu. Tira n tsastanin-agi ad ilint ɣer taggara n uxeddim-nteɣ. Tasestant-agi-nteɣ tettwaɛmer s waṭas n isestanen i nefka i yineɣmasen anda nsuter-asen ad aɣ-d-sfehmen wa aɣ-d-aren tirririt fell-asen, wa ad aɣ-d-innin uguren id d-ttmagaren mi ara ad semmɣen tidwilin-nsen. Nruḥ ɣer umaṭṭaf aɣennaw wis sin akked win n Tizi Wezzu, anida nḥawec-d iḍrisen n tsekla s ukalas n tedwilin akked lemɛawna n yineɣmasen n yimaṭṭafen-agi. Tidwilin-agi llantd ɣef demma n usnerni, akked tiwin n wungalen n tsekla amaɣrad n tutlayt n tmaziɣt. Tidwilin-agi sɛant azal n 30 n dqayeq aktar n yal yiwet, id yettakken azal n 03 n swayeɛ .  Tadwilt 01 (haq ayen yuran) 39:59 dqayaq  Tadwilt 02 (tisuraf) 30 dqayaq  Tadwilt 03 (tizi n wuccen) 30 dqayaq  Tadwilt 04 (isekkilen) 39:51 dqayaq Deg yixef-agi, ad neɛreḍ ad d-nessuffeɣ asnunet n wawalen .

Asnulfu n wawalen yekcem deg usnerni n tussna, n yidles, n tmetti, maca yal tutlayt teqɛed s tuget n usnunet n talɣa, talɣa n tsedast, talɣa n unamek iwakken ad snulfun neɣ ad fken ismawen imaynuten. Ɣef ayen i yaɛnan tutlayt n tmaziɣt, nekkes-d rebɛa n usnunet igejdanen n tfarest n umawal ; areṭṭal, asnulfu n wawalen, asuddes, asuddem. Di taggara n tezrawt-nteɣ, neɛreḍ iwakken ad naweḍ ɣer tarrayin n usnulfu deg umawal n umazzig n teqbaylit, ladɣa di taɣult n tsekla. Deg yixef n teṣleḍṭ n umawal, nsebgen-d d akken ineɣmassen sexdamayen iberdan yemxalafen n yiferdisen n umawal n tedwilin n tsekla anida ad d-naf asnulfawal, areṭṭal, asuddem, taseddast, maca wid yettesemren s tuget d areṭṭal d usnulfawal. Inaɣmassen ssexdamen s waṭas awalen imaynuten tuget-nsen ttwagmen-d seg umawal, iwakken ad d-sneflin timiḍranin timaynutin i ṭṭfen deg isentel n tedwilin n tsekla. Ad d-nnini akken amawal n tmaziɣt yettwasefham aṭas yuɣal ddaw n leɛnaya n yireṭṭalen iɛraben, simmal tettuɣal d anefruy, ɣas akken anamek anaṣli yecubba ɣer yinumak imaynuten id d-ttawin, d anact-a i ten-yeǧǧan ttruḥun ɣer yimerḍalen si tutlayin nniḍen, d asnulfu n yiferdisen imaynuten ur yettwasxedmen ara akk asnulfu n wawalen. Ihi, d anect-a isemrasen di sin imaṭṭafen win n Tizi Wezzu akked amaṭṭaf wis sin. Di teṣleḍṭ n tseddast nexdem ɣef urwis, i yettwasxedmen s wannawen-ines yemxalafen, macci ala deg uɣawas n umawal, maca ula deg uɣawas n tmessukt n tseddast. Maca dagi di tmental n tewlilin n useffeɣ n yiḍrisen iseklanen di sin n yimaṭṭafen-a. Di taggara n tezrawt, nger tamawt ɣer ubeddel ameqqran id d-yettilin di tutlayt n tmaziɣt, am deg tutlayin nniḍen merra. Nwala daɣen ɣas akk tizemmar n yineɣmassen, maca ttmagaren-d dimma iɛewwiqen mi ara ad ẓenẓwin tidwilin-nsen anda tuget n yineɣmassen qqaren-d belli ur sɛin ara akud iwakken ad xedmen tasuqqilt s teqbaylit, ttnadin ad d-awin anamek icubban ɣer-s, daɣen amawal n tmaziɣt d agellil ladɣa deg uḥric n tussna, anaddal… mi ara xedmen tasuqqilt ttuɣalen dimma ɣer tutlayt n tyemmat neɣ taqbaylit timesarraḥt. Daɣen s lemɛawna n yimuzzag n tmaziɣt : isdwanen, imnadiyen di tutlayt-a, ɣas akken yella umawal n Mulud Mɛemmri, ineɣmassen ttextirin ad d-snulfun awalen imaynuten wa ad smersen imerḍalen acku ttwalin tamɛammrit tewɛar. Di tira n tedwilin-agi si tmawit ɣer tira d axeddim yeweɛren, iɣezzifen aṭas, yeḥwaǧen lewhi akken iwata, i d-yessuturen aṭas n wakud anda ad d-nsemḥes i ukalas aṭas n tikwal u yeṭṭefen aṭas n wussan axaṭar di yal tagnit nettaf-d iɛewiqqen mi ara ad d-nsel, maca inebgawen hedren s ṣṣut aɛlayen wa ttɣawalen deg umeslay ladɣa di tedwilin-agi i d-newwi. Ihi, nerra tamawt mi nura amud-nteɣ, nufa-d belli inebgawen sefhamen tiktiwin-nsen s tutlayin nniḍen, zemren ad ilin d iberdan isemrasen iwakken ad yaweḍ yizen-nsen akken iwata. Deg tezrawt-nteɣ, nerra tamawt deg uḥric n yisallen n teywalt i yellan d amaynut i tmaziɣt ad kemlen amecwar d uxeddim di tutlayt n yineɣmassen, iwakken ad issinen ilugan n tutlayt n teqbaylit, wa ad d-rren tirririt ɣef lexṣaṣ i yellan.