Etude de l’emprunt, du calque et de la néologie dans quelques bulletins météorologiques des radios (Chaîne II et Soummam) et la télévision Chaîne 4.
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Date
2016-10
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UNIVERSITE MOULOUD MAMMERI DE TIZI-OUZOU
Abstract
Tutlayt tamaziɣt d yiwet ger drus n tutlayin tiqburin i d-yeqqimen ar ass-a, zik tella
kan deg yimi, ama s tmucuha i d-sawalen neɣ isefra d yenzan, maca tura tezger i timawit tuɣal
tettwaru am netta-t am tutlayin nniḍen. Sselmaden-tt deg ɣarbazen, ttefɣen-d yidlisen s
tmaziɣt, tura nettafi-tt ula deg yiɣmisen ama d wid i d-ttawin s yimi ama d wid i ttarun. Dacu
kan mazal ar tura ur teqɛid ara mazal ur tesɛi ara amkan deg tɣamsa n lezzayer ɣef waya i
ṭuqten wuguren ɣef waya daɣen imsefliden uɣalen ur fehmen ara dacu i d-tt-meslayen
ineɣmasen.
Uguren-agi banend asmi tekcem tmaziɣt ɣer taywalt (tiliẓri akked d radyu), ineɣmasen ufan-d
kan lexṣaṣ deg umawal n taqbaylit dɣa ara d-ttawin awalen si tutlayin nniḍen ama si taɛrabt
neɣ si tefransist, ayen i wumi neqqar « ireṭṭalen », snulfuyen-d awalen
imaynuten « tasnulfawalt » rnu ɣer waya xedmen ula d tasuqilt, suqulen-d tifyar akken llan-t
ayen i wumi neqqar « arwas ».
Ihi daya i d-aɣ-yeǧǧan ad nexdem tazrawt ɣef tazrirt n snat n tutlayin taɛrabt akked d
tefransist ɣef tutlayt n tmaziɣt (taqbaylit), nga tazrawt i yeḍrisen n liḥala n tegnawt deg radyu
tis snat, radyu sommam d umaṭaf n tiliẓri taɣenawt tis ṛebɛa (TV4).
Iswi nteɣ deg uxeddim-agi aneɛreḍ aneg tazrawt i wawalen imaynuten, ireṭṭalen d
warwasen id-nufa deg wamud-nneɣ. Amud-agi nneɣ d askles n tesɛa yeḍrisen s tultalayt
taqbaylit i yal amaṭaf.
Amahil-tneɣ yebḍa ɣef tlata yixfawen, ixef amezwaru newwi-d awal ɣef tusnulfawalt, ixef
wis sin nemeslay-d ɣef ireṭṭalen si tutlayt n taɛrabt akked d tafransist ma d ixef aneggaru ɣef
warwas asnilsay.
ixef amenzu : tasnulfawalt (awalen imaynuten)
Tasnulfawalt : d sunulfu n wawalen imaynuten, neɣ ad yili wawal yella deg tutlayt ad
as-n-fek anamek ajdid. Tasnulfawalt tesɛa sin leṣnaf : tasnulfawalt n talɣa akked tasnulfawalt
n unamek.
Tasnulfawalt s talɣa : tettalaɣ s usuddem d usuddes.
· Asuddem :tettalaɣ s tmerna n yewṣilen ama d azwir ama d adfir.
MD : fsen tifesniwin
Seddar tiseddarin
· Asuddes : d asdukel n sin wawalen llan sin leṣnaf
Asuddes s usenṭeḍ : d asdukel n sin wawalen mebla tanzaɣt « n »
MD : igrakal→ ger + akal
tiliẓri → tili+ ẓer
ddaw warun → ddaw+ warun
Asuddes s usdukel : d asdukel n sin wawalen s tenzaɣt « n »
MD :Udem n tṣebḥit → udem + n + taṣebḥit
Taggara n dduṛt → taggara + n + dduṛt
Tazwara n dduṛt →tazwara + n + dduṛt
Ixef wis sin : areṭṭal asnilsay
Areṭṭal : d awal ajenṭaḍ i d-ttawi tutlayt s ɣur tutlayin nniḍen akken ad teččar ilem neɣ
lexṣaṣ-nni yellan deg tutlayt.
Deg tazrawt-agi nteɣ newwi-d awal ɣef sin kan leṣnaf n yimerḍilen wid i d-yekkan si taɛrabt d
wid i d-yekkan si tefransist acku d wigi i yeṭṭuqten.
· Ireṭṭalen i d-yekkan si taɛrabt : llan s tuget nettafi-ten deg akk taɣulin n usenfali
(ttrebga, ddin,tasertit…)
MD : lweqt, lxir, swaḥel, liḥala, tamdint, lebḥar…
· Ireṭṭalen i d-yekkan si tefransist : wigi ur ṭuqten mliḥ am wid n taɛrabt, nettafi-ten deg
wayen yarzan tatiknuluǧit akked d tedbelt.
MD : srabes, bulta, tilibizyu, satilit…
Deg uxeddim-agi nteɣ nufa-d ineɣmasen ttawin-d ireṭṭalen si taɛrabt d tefransist yerna
awalen-agi llan di tutlayt taqbaylit.
MD :
Humidité → nda
Météo → tignawt
Lweqt → akud
lehna → Talwit
Mselxir → Azul
Nemeslay-d daɣen ɣef imerḍilen i ikecmen deg taqbaylit, wid ikecmen cwiṭ kan d wid
ur nekcim ara akk.
· Ireṭṭalen i ikecmen deg taqbaylit: ireṭṭalen-agi kecmen ɣer teqbaylit yerna yella-d
ubeddel nsen ama deg talɣa ama deg temsislit.
MD : srabes, mselxiṛ, ncallah
· Ireṭṭalen i ikecmen cwiṭ deg taqbaylit : ur beddlen ara akk, abeddel yella-d kan deg
temsislit.
MD : seṭṭac, ɛlaḥsab, ɛlayen
· Ireṭṭalen ur nekcim ara ɣer taqbaylit : ireṭṭalen-agi akken llan i llan ulac abeddel fellasen
ama di talɣa ama deg temsislit.
MD : bulletin, météo, les Hauts-plateaux, les Aurès.
Ixef wis tlata : arwas asnilsay
Arwas asnalisi: d asuqel n tanfaliyin akken llant deg tutlayt tanaṣlit ɣer tutlayt nniḍen.
Llan leṣnaf n warwasen ad d-nebdar kra deg-sen.
· Arwas asnamkan : d tikci n unamek amynut i wawal yesɛan yakan anamek anṣli di
tutlayt.
MD : udem n ṣbaḥ, anamek ines anaṣli d udem, anamek ines amaynut tazwara.
Yella cwiṭ n usigna walakin d anẓad ɣer wayeḍ, anamek anaṣli d anẓad u cekkuḥ,
anamek ines amaynut cwiṭ.
· Arwas n tanfalit : d tasuqilt n wawal ɣer wawal, akken tella tenfalit ad tt-id-ssuqlen
akken.
MD :
Lewḍiyat ɛlayen → elhiḍab elɛulya
Taggara n dduṛt igarzen → bon fin de semaine
Ddaw n yilem → moin zéro
· Arwas n talɣa : ad ten-naf s telɣa tuddist s sin wawalen neɣ ugar, gar-asen tanzaɣt
« n ».
MD :
Tiseddarin n lḥamu
Tagara n tewṛiqt
Lǧiha n wunẓul
Iɣallen n daxel
Tama n swaḥel
Lqider n lumiditi
Ɣer taggara n tezrawt-agi nteɣ nefka-d igemmaḍ ama i tesnulfawalt, awal amerḍil d
warwas asnilisi, nufa-d daɣen tella tazrirt n snat n tutlayin taɛrabt d tefransist ɣef tutlayt n
teqbaylit.
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170p.+(cd)
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Linguistique Appliqué (Enseignement et Communication)