Etude de l’emprunt, du calque et de la néologie dans quelques bulletins météorologiques des radios (Chaîne II et Soummam) et la télévision Chaîne 4.

Abstract

Tutlayt tamaziɣt d yiwet ger drus n tutlayin tiqburin i d-yeqqimen ar ass-a, zik tella kan deg yimi, ama s tmucuha i d-sawalen neɣ isefra d yenzan, maca tura tezger i timawit tuɣal tettwaru am netta-t am tutlayin nniḍen. Sselmaden-tt deg ɣarbazen, ttefɣen-d yidlisen s tmaziɣt, tura nettafi-tt ula deg yiɣmisen ama d wid i d-ttawin s yimi ama d wid i ttarun. Dacu kan mazal ar tura ur teqɛid ara mazal ur tesɛi ara amkan deg tɣamsa n lezzayer ɣef waya i ṭuqten wuguren ɣef waya daɣen imsefliden uɣalen ur fehmen ara dacu i d-tt-meslayen ineɣmasen. Uguren-agi banend asmi tekcem tmaziɣt ɣer taywalt (tiliẓri akked d radyu), ineɣmasen ufan-d kan lexṣaṣ deg umawal n taqbaylit dɣa ara d-ttawin awalen si tutlayin nniḍen ama si taɛrabt neɣ si tefransist, ayen i wumi neqqar « ireṭṭalen », snulfuyen-d awalen imaynuten « tasnulfawalt » rnu ɣer waya xedmen ula d tasuqilt, suqulen-d tifyar akken llan-t ayen i wumi neqqar « arwas ». Ihi daya i d-aɣ-yeǧǧan ad nexdem tazrawt ɣef tazrirt n snat n tutlayin taɛrabt akked d tefransist ɣef tutlayt n tmaziɣt (taqbaylit), nga tazrawt i yeḍrisen n liḥala n tegnawt deg radyu tis snat, radyu sommam d umaṭaf n tiliẓri taɣenawt tis ṛebɛa (TV4). Iswi nteɣ deg uxeddim-agi aneɛreḍ aneg tazrawt i wawalen imaynuten, ireṭṭalen d warwasen id-nufa deg wamud-nneɣ. Amud-agi nneɣ d askles n tesɛa yeḍrisen s tultalayt taqbaylit i yal amaṭaf. Amahil-tneɣ yebḍa ɣef tlata yixfawen, ixef amezwaru newwi-d awal ɣef tusnulfawalt, ixef wis sin nemeslay-d ɣef ireṭṭalen si tutlayt n taɛrabt akked d tafransist ma d ixef aneggaru ɣef warwas asnilsay. ixef amenzu : tasnulfawalt (awalen imaynuten) Tasnulfawalt : d sunulfu n wawalen imaynuten, neɣ ad yili wawal yella deg tutlayt ad as-n-fek anamek ajdid. Tasnulfawalt tesɛa sin leṣnaf : tasnulfawalt n talɣa akked tasnulfawalt n unamek. Tasnulfawalt s talɣa : tettalaɣ s usuddem d usuddes. · Asuddem :tettalaɣ s tmerna n yewṣilen ama d azwir ama d adfir. MD : fsen tifesniwin Seddar tiseddarin · Asuddes : d asdukel n sin wawalen llan sin leṣnaf Asuddes s usenṭeḍ : d asdukel n sin wawalen mebla tanzaɣt « n » MD : igrakal→ ger + akal tiliẓri → tili+ ẓer ddaw warun → ddaw+ warun Asuddes s usdukel : d asdukel n sin wawalen s tenzaɣt « n » MD :Udem n tṣebḥit → udem + n + taṣebḥit Taggara n dduṛt → taggara + n + dduṛt Tazwara n dduṛt →tazwara + n + dduṛt Ixef wis sin : areṭṭal asnilsay Areṭṭal : d awal ajenṭaḍ i d-ttawi tutlayt s ɣur tutlayin nniḍen akken ad teččar ilem neɣ lexṣaṣ-nni yellan deg tutlayt. Deg tazrawt-agi nteɣ newwi-d awal ɣef sin kan leṣnaf n yimerḍilen wid i d-yekkan si taɛrabt d wid i d-yekkan si tefransist acku d wigi i yeṭṭuqten. · Ireṭṭalen i d-yekkan si taɛrabt : llan s tuget nettafi-ten deg akk taɣulin n usenfali (ttrebga, ddin,tasertit…) MD : lweqt, lxir, swaḥel, liḥala, tamdint, lebḥar… · Ireṭṭalen i d-yekkan si tefransist : wigi ur ṭuqten mliḥ am wid n taɛrabt, nettafi-ten deg wayen yarzan tatiknuluǧit akked d tedbelt. MD : srabes, bulta, tilibizyu, satilit… Deg uxeddim-agi nteɣ nufa-d ineɣmasen ttawin-d ireṭṭalen si taɛrabt d tefransist yerna awalen-agi llan di tutlayt taqbaylit. MD : Humidité → nda Météo → tignawt Lweqt → akud lehna → Talwit Mselxir → Azul Nemeslay-d daɣen ɣef imerḍilen i ikecmen deg taqbaylit, wid ikecmen cwiṭ kan d wid ur nekcim ara akk. · Ireṭṭalen i ikecmen deg taqbaylit: ireṭṭalen-agi kecmen ɣer teqbaylit yerna yella-d ubeddel nsen ama deg talɣa ama deg temsislit. MD : srabes, mselxiṛ, ncallah · Ireṭṭalen i ikecmen cwiṭ deg taqbaylit : ur beddlen ara akk, abeddel yella-d kan deg temsislit. MD : seṭṭac, ɛlaḥsab, ɛlayen · Ireṭṭalen ur nekcim ara ɣer taqbaylit : ireṭṭalen-agi akken llan i llan ulac abeddel fellasen ama di talɣa ama deg temsislit. MD : bulletin, météo, les Hauts-plateaux, les Aurès. Ixef wis tlata : arwas asnilsay Arwas asnalisi: d asuqel n tanfaliyin akken llant deg tutlayt tanaṣlit ɣer tutlayt nniḍen. Llan leṣnaf n warwasen ad d-nebdar kra deg-sen. · Arwas asnamkan : d tikci n unamek amynut i wawal yesɛan yakan anamek anṣli di tutlayt. MD : udem n ṣbaḥ, anamek ines anaṣli d udem, anamek ines amaynut tazwara. Yella cwiṭ n usigna walakin d anẓad ɣer wayeḍ, anamek anaṣli d anẓad u cekkuḥ, anamek ines amaynut cwiṭ. · Arwas n tanfalit : d tasuqilt n wawal ɣer wawal, akken tella tenfalit ad tt-id-ssuqlen akken. MD : Lewḍiyat ɛlayen → elhiḍab elɛulya Taggara n dduṛt igarzen → bon fin de semaine Ddaw n yilem → moin zéro · Arwas n talɣa : ad ten-naf s telɣa tuddist s sin wawalen neɣ ugar, gar-asen tanzaɣt « n ». MD : Tiseddarin n lḥamu Tagara n tewṛiqt Lǧiha n wunẓul Iɣallen n daxel Tama n swaḥel Lqider n lumiditi Ɣer taggara n tezrawt-agi nteɣ nefka-d igemmaḍ ama i tesnulfawalt, awal amerḍil d warwas asnilisi, nufa-d daɣen tella tazrirt n snat n tutlayin taɛrabt d tefransist ɣef tutlayt n teqbaylit.